Analysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn - 943 Words

Representation of Jim in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In the opening of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Jim, an escaped slave previously owned by Miss Watson, is a simple, kind, and generous man who is also almost superstitious to a fault. However, Jim develops as a character throughout the novel in a humble passage from slave to free man and Tom Sawyer’s savior. This character transformation manifests itself throughout Jim and Huck’s time together in a search for freedom and a path back to Jim’s family that he left behind. While on the journey, Jim must run at night, hide during the day, and endure the loneliness of his situation constantly while taking care of Huck; this determination and personal strength despite oppression by white people make Jim one of the only respectable adults in the novel. Through courageous and selfless acts, the initially simple Jim demonstrates loyalty, love, strength, and wisdom to establish himself as a heroic figure in the novel. Jim seems to have a superstition for any occasion one could think of, but Jim is a product of his time and his beliefs provide answers to phenomenon that people could not explain. As a first impression at Miss Watson’s house, Jim’s superstitious ways come across as idiocy as he thinks that, â€Å"witches bewitched him and put him in a trance, and rode him all over the State, and then set him under the trees again†; However, the superstitions ultimately gain depth and background starting with Jim and Huck’s timeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn 1970 Words   |  8 Pagesmisery, and controversy as the word â€Å"nigger.† This word has been a deep concern in American history and culture, and the use of it two hundred nineteen times in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has caused a mass of debate. Despite critism on its complex and offensive subject matter, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn hold enduring academic value among students and should be taught in American high schools b ecause it serves as a medium of literary teaching, an alternative source for studying AmericanRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1332 Words   |  6 PagesMicaela Soriano AP Lit Period 2 Mr. Etheridge Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Cheat Sheet Title: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Author: Mark Twain Publication: December 10, 1884 Setting and Time period: The setting throughout the story mainly takes place along areas by the Mississippi River, and as stated in the book, â€Å"Forty to Fifty Years ago†. Characters: Huckleberry Finn - The protagonist and narrator of the novel. Huck is the thirteen-year-old son of the local drunk of St. Petersburg, MissouriRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn 1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adventures Huckleberry Finn is an American literature classic that tells a marvellous tale. With thrilling twists, character development, and usage of language, it is easy to understand why it is considered an American classic. The interpretation of that story is up to the reader. The similarities, or perhaps the difference of the characters in the book help make it all much more believable. The ranging personalities create imagery of real life. Yet, some of the personalities and their goal areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn 2017 Words   |  9 PagesAs its title suggests, the main character and protagonist of the story is Huckleberry Finn. He is the narrator of the story who desires to be free from the restraining life that he was given from the wi dow. He is an observational boy who knows how to survive outdoors and will try to get out of any situation. During the course of the story his conscience often bothers him about the consequences of his actions such as freeing Jim and how an event will affect the people involved such as during a scamRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn 1974 Words   |  8 Pagesterm literary canon, the reader is left wondering whether or not Huckleberry Finn deserves its place in our literary canon? Many people like Jane Smiley, are against it being part of our literary canon for multiple reasons. For example, she is against it because of the appearance of racism and the events throughout the book. However, despite all the criticism this book faces, one point the critics do not consider is the influence this book has on modern American culture and also about how the novel isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Huckleberry Finn Essay1842 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstanding others unlike ourselv es, for its satirical attack against complacency regarding the evils in our world, for its use of original literary techniques, and for its profound insight into human nature and human foibles, Huckleberry Finn is one of the most teachable books. It is especially suited for the study of American literature in the eleventh or twelfth grades. This is the time when young adults are making decisions about their lives--moral, social, emotional, academic decisions. They areRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been a topic of debate for a long time. The most heated topic of debate is if the novel is racist and if it should then be included in school curriculum whether. Many believe this book should be taken out of school curriculum for being racist. Huckleberry FInn should be taught in schools because of its satire, views on slavery and morals, and depiction of antebellum America. Huck Finn still remains a classic Twain s use of satire is one of the many thingsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 1648 Words   |  7 PagesLola Parsapour Mr. Ruddy AP Lang 3 September 2015 The Value in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain, developed into one of the most controversial books in America. The basis of this controversy can be summarized briefly for it was the use of racial slur and issues of slavery that caused tension in our society. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was banned for the first time one month after its publication. â€Å"â€Å"Not suitable for trash† was theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn 923 Words   |  4 Pagesrambling of thought, a major piece of literary confusion plaguing my mind something most fierce that I cannot even lay my head down to rest peacefully lest this situation be resolved. As of this moment, the majority of my latest novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is nearing its completion, settling at the end of its forty-second chapter, only one more concluding verbose passage revolving around in the air within my mind. While most would be elated and at peace for achieving somethi ng so grand- a nearRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Murtagh And Huckleberry Finn 1262 Words   |  6 PagesMurtagh and Huck Finn In great works of literature many of the same traits and characteristics appear in the main characters. Adventure books where you find Heroes and villains in a constant struggle to thwart the others efforts are where you could notice the reoccurring traits the most. Heroes are often very similar, demonstrating similar strengths and weaknesses. I compare Huckleberry Finn, to Murtagh of the Inheritance series. Although Murtagh is not the main protagonist, he is most certainly

The Changing Literature And Identities Of Third World...

The changing literature and identities of third world culture due to American colonization is shown throughout the collected literature in Rotten English edited by Dohra Ahmad. Through the use of vernacular English, the passages express the unique signatures of different cultures by showing the way the words are said through everyday communication rather than how they are meant to be written in proper English as well as the cultural identities faced by third world cultures. Decades of forced standard English has caused a separation of cultural identity and exsepetance. The globalization and colonization of the English language has influenced the nature of identity formation through third world countries, specifically touching on concepts of ethnicity, class and literature. English is thought to be more educated and civilized even though much of the meaning of another cultures words cannot equally be expressed through the English language. Throughout American colonization people that did not know how to speak English often got taken advantage of and were forced to obey the Englishman even with no just cause because the third world natives language was seen to be less of a language. The English language looked down on the vast different cultural languages which resulted in cultural identity issues through ethnicity and class based on a persons language. In Betel Nut is Bad Magic for Airplanes by John Kasaipwalova, the natives of Papua New Guinea speak Hiri Motu and pidginShow MoreRelatedEssay on Colonial Oppression of Women1123 Words   |  5 Pageschallenging discourses. The present day world with the constant cultural encounters and clashes as well as the ideas regarding pluralism and multiculturalism motivates a curiosity on the part of the onlooke r to search the answer to the question who is who in todays world when there is a continuous struggle between different countries not only politically and militarily but also culturally. In this situation the division of the world to First, Second and Third World countries also provides the opportunityRead MoreEssay on The Concept of Culture in Counselling1525 Words   |  7 PagesConcept of Culture in Counselling Culture may be defined in a broad and narrow context. The broad definition includes demographic variables ( age, gender), status variables ( social, educational, economic) and affiliations ( formal and informal), as well as ethnographic variables, such as ethnicity, nationality, language. Narrow definition of culture is limited to the terms of ethnicity and nationality, which are important for individual and familial identity, but the concept of culture in CounsellingRead More Ronald Takakis Iron Cages: Race and Culture in 19th-Century America1674 Words   |  7 PagesRonald Takakis Iron Cages: Race and Culture in 19th-Century America After America declared its independence from British rule, the founding fathers faced a conundrum: How to build and maintain a successful republican government that was ultimately dependent upon the passions and character of its people. Their solution was to propose the construction of what historians have called iron cages, which were ideological devices intended to deter the corruption and folly that might consume a freeRead MoreSignificance of the Harlem Renaissance817 Words   |  3 Pagesparamount as African Americans sought to express themselves artistically through art and literature, in an effort to create an identity for themselves equal to that of the white Americans. Many writers influenced this period with their works, and African Americans gained their rightful place in American Literary history (Gates Jr. and McKay). The Harlem Renaissance was the period of time between the end of World War I and the middle 1930s depression. Also called the New Negro Renaissance, it was aRead More Bhabhas Contribution to Postcolonial Theory Essay2599 Words   |  11 Pagesas Gayatri Spivak and Talapde Mohanty is Western feminisms inattention to the differences among women. Spivak exposes how the world is presented from the dominant perspective and geopolitical location of the First World to the exclusion of other disenfranchised groups. Regarding women in the Third World countries she believes that the everyday lives of many Third World women are so complex and unsystematic that they cannot be known or represented in a straightforward way by the vocabulary of WesternRead MoreThe Tourism Industry Has Created A Tarnished Reputation Of Tourists1597 Words   |  7 Pagesinterest in being in another country and experiencing another culture, but to what extent are they experiencing it in the same way? The tourism ind ustry has created these different types of categories of people who travel to other countries that have evolved over hundreds of years. Modern travel has become more affordable to people of all different backgrounds and with growing technology it has helped create this booming economy that the whole world in some way benefits off of. In todays society it is nowRead MoreThe Joys Of Motherhood Summary1253 Words   |  6 Pagestalks about the issues of women oppressing western culture during precolonial and post-colonial periods in Nigeria. Nigerian herself, Emecheta describes how women tried to fight against gender inequality, sexual difference, the need to belong and be accepted by society based on ‘class’ in 1900s. Even though, Emecheta doesn’t point out that there’s a danger of a single story in The Joys of Motherhood, when it comes to understanding world literature one needs to look past certain stereotypes about AfricaRead MoreOverseas Chinese and Chi nese People Essay1615 Words   |  7 Pagespeople from different areas with multiple cultures. As a result, lots of Americans have their ancestors in other countries. Even though they are called â€Å"Americans†, they have a special identity, that is, hyphenated Americans actually. Chinese-Americans have been one of the large groups of hyphenated Americans since a long time ago. This passage mainly observes the living conditions of Chinese-Americans in America and tries to analyze how the hyphenation identity impacts their thoughts and life. The firstRead MoreMulticultural Literature Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesMulticultural literature is a way of increasing cultural awareness. Through multicultural books many young readers are able to make a connection with their own culture or better yet, further explore another culture. Authors use different themes such as culture, politics, and even personal barriers to show different cultures. At times though, this genre will often reveal the â€Å"ugly roots for even the greatest literature† (Multicultural). The phrase â€Å"ugly roots† emphasizes that what readersRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular English Language Essay1732 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans in the United States lived in the South whereas 75 percent of them lived in communities with less than 2,500 (Wolfram, n.d.). A dramatic redistribution or migration of African Americans took place in the period between World War 1 through to the Second World War and beyond. This redistribution was characterized by movement of African Americans from rural South for cities in the North. By 1970, even though 47 percent of Black Americans lived outside the South whereas 77 percent of them

French Lieutenant’s Woman Free Essays

The novel begins with voice of Thomas Hardy’s †³The Riddle†³ which is quoted by the author. This quotation is an apt description for The French Lieutenant’s woman which portrays a singular figure, alone against a desolate landscape. The novel portrays Victorian characters living in 1867, but the author, writing in 1967, intervenes with wry, ironic commentary on Victorian conventions. We will write a custom essay sample on French Lieutenant’s Woman or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, it is parody of Victorian novel with chatty narrator and narrative juggling. The most striking fact about the novel is the use of different authorial voices. Voice of the narrator has a double vision: The novel starts off with an intrusive omniscient, typically Victorian, voice: â€Å"I exaggerate? Perhaps, but I can be put to the test, for the Cobb has changed very little since the year of which I write; [†¦]† (Fowles, p.10). In chapter 1 we hear an extensive, detailed description of Lyme Bay. The narrator makes it a point to insist that very little has changed in Lyme Regis since the nineteenth century to the present day. The narrator deftly moves between the two centuries and comments on the present day events in the same tone in which he comments on the Victorian period. We hear the voice of narrator as a formal, stiff Victorian tone while narrating the events in the novel yet the content of what he says is contemporary. The illusion of a Victorian novel is soon broken by a narrator, who introduces his modern 20 century point of view. For example, in Chapter 3, he alludes to devices totally unknown to Victorian society and the illusion of the typically Victorian novel is broken. â€Å"[Charles] would probably not have been too surprised had news reached him out of the future of the air plane, the jet engine, television, radar: [†¦]† (Fowles, p.16). In Chapter 13 he finally reveals himself as a modern narrator when he admits to live in the age of Alain Robbe-Grillet and Roland Barthes (Fowles, p. 80). Voices of the novel seem to belong to John Fowles, the author. The narrator not only comments the whole narrative but he also intrudes in order to make comments on the characters. His authorial intrusions are very pointed and sometimes biased. The narrator’s voice plays the role of both participant and observer. The first person voice occurs in different roles. It seems to be an artist, a novelist, a teacher, a historian and a critic who surveying the scene with a modern and ironic eye, constantly reminding the reader this is not a typically Victorian novel. The third person voice, on the other hand, represents all features associated with an omniscient narrator. It misleads the reader and sometimes even ridicules characters: â€Å"He would have made you smile, for he was carefully equipped for his role. He wore stout nailed boots and canvas gaiters that rose to the encase Norfolk breeches of heavy flannel. There was a tight and absurdly long coat to match; a canvas wide awake hat of an indeterminate beige; a massive ash-plant, which he had bought on his way to the Cobb; and a voluminous rucksack, from which you might have shaken out an already heavy array of hammers, wrappings, notebooks, pillboxes, adzes and heaven knows what else.† (Fowles, p. 43) In Chapter 13 the first person narrator suggests to stand out against the third person narrator when he admits not to be able to control the thoughts and movements of his characters. He denies having all the god-like qualities associated with the classical role of a narrator who knows all the moves of his characters beforehand and he gives a definition of his status: â€Å"The novelist is still a god, since he creates [†¦] what has changed is that we are no longer the gods of the Victorian image, omniscient and decreeing; but in the new theological image, with freedom our first principle not authority.† (Fowles, p.82). What the narrator does is to break the illusion of being the authoritative voice by providing the further illusion of not being it, insisting on the fact that the characters are allowed their freedom. The narrator seems to become just another character of the story, and first and third person narration overlaps. This illusion of the narrator being a fictional character finally dissolves when he appears in person: first as a fellow passenger in the train in Chapter 55 and a second time in the last chapter. This technique of hearing different voices in a narration is called heteroglossia. The narrator guides the reader through the novel. In summary, the narrative’s voice works on different levels: firstly there is protagonist, Charles, and his struggle to overcome his Victorian mind, secondly the narrator claims his characters to be free of authorial supervision. In fact, the narrator is only concealing his real authority. For example in Chapter 55 when he flips a coin in order to decide how to end his narrative and at last there is the reader whom the narrator allows to break free from the narrative illusion. Character Analysis: Charles and Sarah The first picture we get of Charles is that he is a Victorian gentleman who is in all respects at the height of his time. He has a similar outside and inside. He is dominated by the social conventions of his time, particularly in his attitude towards women, and the only thing he lacks is mystery. He seems to be a flat character that only has inner struggling. His character is developed gradually through the novel. Actually his first meeting with Sarah, is his first step of development which leads him from complacency to doubt, from the known to the undiscovered, and from safety to danger when he realizes that there is an alternative to the puritan world of Ernestina which is the free and spontaneous world of Sarah. In short, his first meetings with Sarah sharpen his awareness of that existentialist freedom she embodies and throughout the novel he is torn between the conventional Victorian ideas and this proposal of personal freedom. It stretches as far as Chapter 44. Throughout all these chapters Charles is torn in between behaving the normal, Victorian way, rating his short relationship with Sarah as a minor, unimportant incident or accepting the full consequences of not behaving in an appropriate Victorian manner. He is fascinated by the enigma which Sarah represents and wants to solve it but on the other hand he is caught in his Victorian pattern of thought. When he decides to visit Sarah in Exeter we are dealing with his second development. He is prepared to accept the consequences of not behaving like a Victorian in order to fulfill his personal ideas. But he is still caught in this particular pattern of thought; maybe this is best expressed by his intention to marry Sarah. He has yet not fully understood the ideas of existential freedom. Charles enters the third stage of development when he realizes that Sarah has left without leaving any trace for him to follow. It is then when he settles to follow the path he had decided to take, whether he will be able to find her or not. The months he searches for Sarah are the final stage of his development in which he is able to get the taste of freedom he once tried to gain. His meeting with Sarah at the end of the novel is the final test he has to go through. On the other hand, from the very beginning, Sarah seems to be a round character. She has different inside and outside. Sarah acts as a counter to Tina, the model of Victorian womanhood. Sarah does not match with the time she lives in especially in her behavior. But her strangeness should be considered in the light of the Victorian age. Her actions are governed by her refusal to follow tradition and by her quest for freedom. She rejects the subservient role which her society tries to force on her, determined to get what she wants and express her desires freely. Although some conflicts about Sarah resolved when she told her story to Charles but some of them has still remained till the end of the novel. In the two endings, Sarah’s need for freedom conflicts with her love for Charles. One ending suggests that Sarah will be able to remain outside the confines of Victorian society while still being able to establish a family with Charles and marriage will exact its own conventions which will be difficult to escape. Another ending focuses on her total freedom but also her estrangement from the man she loves. This conflict never resolved!! How to cite French Lieutenant’s Woman, Essay examples

Competitive Strategy Bega

Question: Dsicuss about theCompetitive Strategyfor Bega. Answer: Introduction The Bega has been developing high-quality cheese for the Australian families for over 100 years now. The company is based in Bega, New South Wales. The study will provide the competitive strategy of the company. It will highlight the companys strategies, its target market, and its suppliers. The study will also outline how the company is operating under the elements of AAA strategies. Company Strategy The main strategy of the company is to be innovative in the cheese product by continuously focusing on the quality of the cheese (Australian dairy industry in focus 2005, 2005). The company saves the cost through efficient technologies and produce products on low cost that creates economies of scale (THORLEY, 2016). The company always try to focus on responding to the specialised customer needs. It has also introduced child-friendly cheese and dairy products. Bega always tries to take full advantage of their resources such as being best in cutting and packing of the products. The market development strategy of the company is to move into different geographical areas to create demand for their products. The product development strategy of the company is to create new products or to enhance the quality of the existing products. The Bega always tries to improve the quality of their cheese by introducing modern techniques at their workplace. Company Target Market The product of Bega is number one brand in Australia. The company comprises a large customer circle (THORLEY, 2016). As the cheese of Bega contains only 2 grams of fat in each slice, the main target market of the company are the youth, young and children. The company also aims in targeting the customers that want to be fit and want to enjoy the dairy products. Company Suppliers The Bega has different suppliers for its company operations. For Indian and Pacific Ocean area, some of the Bega suppliers are Burmel Import and Export and the Tie Associates Limited (Sinclair et al., 2015). For the middle-east section, Bega has distributors like Means Marketing Establishment. And for Southeast Asia, Bega has suppliers like LSH Cambodia Pte Ltd. Elements of AAA (Adaption, Aggregation and Arbitrage) Adaptation: The Bega always tries to modify its products according to the needs and requirements of the customers and time (Jha, Dhanaraj and Krishnan, 2014). The company provides a wide range of products to its consumers. Bega has a wide range of processed, natural, kids snacking and contractual products. The products of Bega are available to the people of Australia and many other nations at very affordable rates. Aggregation: Bega is disciplined in its strategy to provide products in both developed and developing markets around the globe. The specified company develops market strategies to stay in the developed market and always try some innovations to create its brand image in the developing market. Bega gains the advantage in its economies of scale that occur by delivering identical products instances (Jha, Dhanaraj and Krishnan, 2014). The company also has the economies of scope as it creates distinct products and services through a similar process that reduces the cost of the company. Arbitrage: For delivering best quality products, Bega developed most of the products from itself so that it can satisfy the demand of the customers. Bega has enhanced its performance and has reduced its cost by introducing innovative and modern equipments at its workplace (Jha, Dhanaraj and Krishnan, 2014). This strategy helps the company to reduce the risk of the workplace and the timeframe. Is Company doing Success by using AAA Strategy? Bega is currently having success by implementing AAA strategy (Shan and An, 2010). The strategy has helped the company to develop a global strategy so that it can enter into a new market and can get success there. The strategy also helped the company to distribute its production process intro various locations around the globe depending on the competitive advantage. References Australian dairy industry in focus 2005. (2005). 1st ed. Southbank, Vic.: Dairy Australia. Jha, S., Dhanaraj, C. and Krishnan, R. (2014). "MNE RD in Emerging Markets: Arbitrage, Adaptation Aggregation in Global Innovation Networks". Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), pp.17650-17650. Shan, L. and An, J. (2010). Gaming of Strategy--Strategic Realignment of Chinese Dairy Industry. International Business Research, 3(3). Sinclair, K., Curtis, A., Mendham, E. and Mitchell, M. (2015). Assessing the Efficacy of Transition Theory to Identify Industry Transformation: a case study examining the deregulation of Australia's dairy industry. Australian Geographer, 46(1), pp.113-129. THORLEY, V. (2016). School Milk in the Context of the Australian Dairy Industry. Rural History, 27(01), pp.103-117.

Jimi Hendrix Purple Haze free essay sample

Its also worth noting that Isms guitar always has that rough, edgy guitar sound to it and that the drums encompass a dry quality in sound both in the drums and cymbals used and the bass has that traditional classic rock sound that chugs along throughout the track. The song itself begins by Jim strumming alternating guitar chords with the drums shortly entering into the mix, followed by the entrance of the bass guitar. The instrumental intro is an enduring one in which all of the instruments kind of jam together in a sense, and this sense of jam (or groove) is primarily replicated throughout most of the song save for the solos. Soon, the group ridges into the first verse, which is where Jimmys first visualization can be heard, the drums maintain a cyclist feel playing two a bar pattern that concludes with a fill, and the bass remains simple but funky. We will write a custom essay sample on Jimi Hendrix Purple Haze or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All of the verses end with a short break, then transition into the next iteration of the verse. After the second verse, the first demonstration of soloing is heard on the track as Jim begins to fiddle around with the distortion and feedback of his guitar which culminate to produce a unique aura of sounds. After a short musical interlude in which Jim will occasionally mutter joshs and shahs, the and bridges to the third verse which is then followed by the second solo effort of the song.Isms guitar gets a little bit wilder and the drums become more expressive but the bass remains supportive by playing simple chord progressions. After the solo concludes, the instruments fade out into the musical background signaling the end of the song.

Free Essays on Happy

Loving something is loving it from the very first time you experience it. This is true with â€Å"backyard sports†; sports like football, baseball, basketball, soccer, or any other of the activities that children play in the yard. Playing these sports as a child is fun. No one is considered â€Å"inferior† if they loose, no one tries to harm the other team, and no one is made to play. These games are played for recreation, not because someone has too. Children can run around all day, rack up a score of 89-87 not caring about illegal contact or a particular strike zone, and for one moment, forget who they are when they score a touchdown, run, or goal, visioning what a dream it would be to play professional sports. Today, professional sports have become attached from this reckless abandonment of â€Å"backyard sports†. Regulation has changed the game. It has changed it in a way where, the professionals do not have the mentality of â€Å"just a game† anymore. It has become war, business, and to most a way of life. Regulation get started at an early age is sports. From the moment a child gets his first coach, the meaning of the game has changed. Now, the goal is not only to have fun, but to have fun taking pride in winning. When a child plays a game in a youth league there are now several rule enforcers that did not have to be dealt with before. The referees, the coach, and the fans change the meaning of playing of the game. The child is not there for himself anymore. He now has to please the referee by obeying the most particular rules, his coach by giving 110% towards a winning effort, and the fans by making them proud and entertained at the same time. When a child has moved onto the next step of youth sports, such as a select or high school team, injuries are no longer an excuse not to play the game. Competition is now better, so everyone that makes that team made it because they would make the team better. If one of... Free Essays on Happy Free Essays on Happy Loving something is loving it from the very first time you experience it. This is true with â€Å"backyard sports†; sports like football, baseball, basketball, soccer, or any other of the activities that children play in the yard. Playing these sports as a child is fun. No one is considered â€Å"inferior† if they loose, no one tries to harm the other team, and no one is made to play. These games are played for recreation, not because someone has too. Children can run around all day, rack up a score of 89-87 not caring about illegal contact or a particular strike zone, and for one moment, forget who they are when they score a touchdown, run, or goal, visioning what a dream it would be to play professional sports. Today, professional sports have become attached from this reckless abandonment of â€Å"backyard sports†. Regulation has changed the game. It has changed it in a way where, the professionals do not have the mentality of â€Å"just a game† anymore. It has become war, business, and to most a way of life. Regulation get started at an early age is sports. From the moment a child gets his first coach, the meaning of the game has changed. Now, the goal is not only to have fun, but to have fun taking pride in winning. When a child plays a game in a youth league there are now several rule enforcers that did not have to be dealt with before. The referees, the coach, and the fans change the meaning of playing of the game. The child is not there for himself anymore. He now has to please the referee by obeying the most particular rules, his coach by giving 110% towards a winning effort, and the fans by making them proud and entertained at the same time. When a child has moved onto the next step of youth sports, such as a select or high school team, injuries are no longer an excuse not to play the game. Competition is now better, so everyone that makes that team made it because they would make the team better. If one of...

International Corporate Diversification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

International Corporate Diversification - Essay Example This is a part of the companies’ growth strategy, and the increasingly predominant phenomenon is directly linked to globalization effects, as well as, the ever rising competition intensity. This phenomenon is generally referred to as international diversification and many academicians agree that, it offers a company access to a wide array of opportunities in overseas markets thus making it possible to overcome development challenges. International diversification could also enhance the respective company’s general performance. In academics, varying outlooks have been utilized to elucidate this phenomenon diversification. For instance, theoretical concepts like portfolio investment, foreign direct investment (FDI), and resource-based theories, all propose that, international diversification is associated with increased economies of scale, broadened learning scope, stable revenues or profits, and operational flexibility (Waisako, 2002, pp. 109-134 ). However, irrespective of the numerous advantages associated with global business diversification, research has shown that, simply venturing overseas does not guarantee exemplary performance for companies. The diversification process usually requires an organization to accrue sizeable costs as a result of strategies’ restructuring or resource reallocation. Other challenges include concerns such as increased complexity in managerial structure, target market or employees’ resistance to transformation and increased communication problems owing to the diversity of cultures involved. Additionally, global diversification could be accompanied by unexpected, yet substantial expenses like fluctuations in currency exchange rates, political insecurity and inflation. This paper seeks to explore the varying advantages and disadvantages associated with international corporate diversification. The study attains this, by evaluating drivers of international diversification; cases of companies that have eith er succeeded in the venture of international diversification and those that failed extensively, as well as, the reasons that led to this success or failure. General Advantages of International Corporate Diversification International Talent Pool and Opportunity to Lower Labour Costs Increasing globalization and competition among businesses has constantly driven operation costs to an elevated level. Additionally, the escalating competition requires organizations to have unique methods of conducting, which can best be attained by employees with distinctive talents. For this reason, the increased costs of hiring workers, as well as, the need for a highly gifted labour force, are both crucial drivers of global diversification. For example, Apple, Inc. a computer and peripherals manufacturer develops its products’ designs in California, but assembly of the products takes place in China. The same applies for many multinational companies (MNCs) which seek to lower labour and other op eration costs. This happens mainly because; labour in developed nations is more costly in comparison to that available in developing nations. Additionally, global diversification makes it possible for an organization to gain access to a labour force that is highly diverse in terms of talent and expertise, thus gaining a higher chance of succeeding in the business environment (Dastidar and Weiner, 2007, pp. 24-36). Occasionally, as certain areas of developing nations evolve and costs increase, MNCs may opt to move their operations to locations of the same nation that have not developed fully, thus continually saving on costs. In addition, a global company can get cost benefits through economies of scale. This is attainable through centralizing production processes in one or a few locations hence doing away with

Homework Debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homework Debate - Essay Example I am not sure that there are really positive effects of homework. I know myself that if I understand the class, homework goes very fast. When I do not, it does not matter whether I have homework because I do not understand what I am doing. I often think that homework is redundant and it really does not help me. I think it is a good idea to practice things, but if your parents cannot help you it does not make a lot of sense. Students have to do more homework because of the No Child Left Behind legislation. Because teachers teach to the standardized tests, we have more homework than ever before and it takes a long time to complete, depending on what grade you are in. There are no statistics that really say that homework is valuable to a student and it is not something that everyone likes to do or that they do it well. Homework also can lower self-esteem. When a student does well on their homework, they get a better grade than if they do not. Many times homework is graded as a separate part of what a student must do to pass. If they do their homework well, they are often happy to do more of it. However, if they do not do well their self-esteem suffers. I know many students who are upset because their homework scores are lower than their test scores and they do not know why; teachers do not explain why these scores are different. Some teachers agree that homework should be abolished. According to Shola Adenekan, some schools are trying to get rid of homework in England. One of the reasons that teachers state is the fact that many children do not have time to play when they have to spend so much time on homework. Many teachers are looking at ways that they may be able to change how homework looks. Research does not support that homework is of value. A 2006 report in Time Magazine by Claudia Wallis describes information from two books about how homework is not of value. Some of the statistics from the report include: 3. Harris Cooper, from Duke University did

Treatment of Law Enforcement in Todays Society Essay

Treatment of Law Enforcement in Todays Society - Essay Example Many of the different approaches to dealing with crime comes out of various assumptions and values. For countries or systems that believe a criminal is a product of his or her environment, it is more likely that money will be spent on rehabilitation and treatment, with much less of an emphasis on jail time. For these sorts of people law enforcement can be as simple as footing the bill for an Alcoholics Anonymous session. But for those who believe people are responsible for their own actions and intend to commit crimes (indeed intention or mens rea is required in all common law systems in order to convict someone of a crime), the emphasis is likely to be on punishment or locking up the criminal. Law enforcements in this case is about protection and to some extent about retribution. People from both sides of these arguments treat law enforcement differently. Clearly these concepts require a great deal of unpacking—which will be done in the course of this essay. The key things to examine are the various explanations for why people commit crimes, be they biological, psychological and sociological, and how law enforcement should deal with these criminals. In the law enforcement system there are two opposing modes of looking of how to deal with criminals. The first is the due process model. The gist of this model is that an individual can never be deprived of basic human rights no matter how horrible a crime he or she has committed. Even for the police or DA to put someone in prison is to take away the criminal’s inalienable right to liberty. In the course of this system there must be many appeals and a thoroughly scrutinized process to ensure that everything is done by the book (Samaha, 22). At its heart the due process model would rather see nine guilty people on the street than one innocent person in prison. The end result of this mode

Gothic in Wuthering Heights and Dorian Gray

Gothic in Wuthering Heights and Dorian Gray The duplicity or sometimes called the Doppelganger is a common theme in gothic fiction works such as The Picture of Dorian Gray or Wuthering Heights. While in the first novel, this theme regards the division of the main characters into two different bodies, in the latter, the self is no longer divided into different embodiments, but it can be found in the same character having the same appearance while portraying one self or the other. In other words, Dorian Gray has a certain different figure when they display the other self, while Cathy and Heathcliff have an inner other self not an outer one and are completely unaware of its existence. While in The Picture of Dorian Gray, the depiction of self is related to realism and the depiction of other self relates to gothic representation, in Wuthering Heights, when talking about Catherine it is the other way around. The Picture of Dorian Gray tells the story of a young man who decides to make a Faustian bargain in order to gain and preserve eternal beauty. The novel can be interpreted as classic gothic horror fiction in which the reader can easily spot the Narcissus myth and the theme of duplicity which presents Dorians two selves: the public one constructed in a realist way and the private one, constructed with gothic means. On the other hand, Wuthering Heights is a gothic novel in which the protagonists are, unlike other novels, anti-heroes. The main character, Heathcliff is a man whose desire of revenge destroys both himself and the other characters of the novel. He is depicted at first as a loving person but in the end as a violent revengeful man. The female protagonist, Catherine Earnshow is a woman who finds herself in crisis of identity. Both characters need to make a division in themselves in order to express their feelings for each other. The division in The Picture of Dorian Gray is made with the help of a portrait, an outer body which guests the other self of the main character, whereas in Wuthering Heights, there is no need for another body. Dorian Gray is presented in the first chapter as a young man of extraordinary personal beauty, unspoiled by sins and failure. The picture as it is presented in the first chapter reveals Dorians first and true image: he is young, handsome, and innocent, without stain. However, Dorian Gray will not remain this way throughout the novel. He will change and not in a positive way. This is where the author brings to light the duplicity theme. Similar to Dorian Gray, Heathcliff is depicted in the beginning of the novel as a positive character. Although he lacks Dorians looks, he is a boy, and then a man capable to love and give. The audience is assured that Heathcliff does love Catherine and the way in which the author describes the brutal treatments Hindley applies to him can cause the reader pity for Heathcliff. In the first chapters of the novel, before Heathcliff leaves Wuthering Heights, the entire atmosphere is one which abounds with gothic elements. The author presents here the first nature of Heathcliff, while entire passages describe the manor as a dark, bleak, unfriendly place. The main character can be interpreted as of pure gothic construction. He is a mysterious man whose past nobody knows, but on the other hand, he is presented as romantically involved with Catherine, thus as a positive character. Exactly like Heathcliff, Dorian from the end of the second chapter is no longer Dorian from the beginning. The reader faces in just a few pages Dorians transition. His naivety and his purity disappear when he realises the importance of his beauty and the fact that he will lose it someday. Henry Wotton manipulates his mind and turns him into a person ready to sell his soul in order to preserve his beauty. In the moment when he sees the portrait, he is as fascinated by himself as Basil is and acts as if this is the first time when he sees himself. This passage comes similar to the moment when Narcissus sees his reflection in the water for the first time and brings the idea of self-worship which will finally lead to self-destruction. Infatuated with himself, Dorian becomes a Machiavellian person, wanting to preserve the moment, no matter the costs. Dorian loses his innocence but, despite the fact that his soul is unceasingly deepening into the negative way of living, he is admired for his beauty and intelligence, for his talents. This leads him to plays with peoples minds hiding his true shape and making them believe that his appearances are similar to his inner self. This outer self, the one he displays in front of anyone is in total opposition to the self which he prefers to cover. On the other hand Heathcliff does not feel the need to cover his other self. There is a certain moment in the book when Heathcliff changes his attitude. Feeling abandoned, Heathcliff feels the desire for revenge which brings up the other self in Heathcliff. He becomes a violent person who seems incapable of good feelings and begins acting like a demonic character, destroying everybodys lives. His actions seem to be results of the distortion in his natural personality. Dorian changes too. Dorian loses his innocence but, despite the fact that his soul is unceasingly deepening into the negative way of living, he is admired for his beauty and intelligence, for his talents. This leads him to plays with peoples minds hiding his true shape and making them believe that his appearances are similar to his inner self. This outer self, the one he displays in front of anyone is in total opposition to the inner self which he prefers to cover. In order to construct the other self, Oscar Wilde refers to gothic imagery. He creates the key element, the picture and develops its image as the one of different character of the book. The first gothic element of the book is the Faustian theme. Dorian unconsciously sells his soul to the devil in order to obtain eternal youth and beauty. Henry Wotton plays the part of devils advocate, devils representative without even knowing it. He inspires Dorian to make the fatal wish: the paint should age instead of him. The fact that the portrait ages in Dorians stead cannot be logically explained, thus it is the supernatural element which lead to the development of the plot. From the very beginning presented as a fantastic element, the picture represents the embodiment of Dorians other self. His sins, his mistakes and his other nature are revealed on the canvas. Knowing that, Dorian wants to protect this image, wants to hide it and locks the portrait in the attic so as no one should see the im age of his soul. Although he is aware of the fact that his soul is dark and stained with sins, he continues to live as before because he thinks he can no longer be forgiven and his soul saved. The moments when Dorian is possessed by his other self, abound with gothic elements. So are the moments when Heathcliff becomes violent and the author presents his inner sense of revenge and hatred. In Wildes novel, the scene of the murder is presented in a dark atmosphere with the lamp casting shadows on the wall and the blowing wind. Moreover, Dorian kills Basil only after he looks at the portrait and seems to be captivated by something hiding beneath the canvas. Violence breaks through and he stabs the painter without any sense of remorse. The way in which he decides to make the body disappear is a result of his mad ego that seems to have no feelings and to be totally detached from the realist life. Science is here presented it its negative part. With science, Dorian finalises the murder, making the evidence disappear forever. His other soul has become a malicious and manipulative person. He confides in the book Henry gives him and takes it for granted, as a way of living. It is a poisonous book, symbol of his degraded life. Moreover, the gothic atmosphere appears again when Dorian visits the opium den which is the reflection of Dorians state of mind. The den is a place of lost souls where Dorian finds comfort, he cures his soul by means of senses, because he suffers not only physical but also mental. Catherine, on the other hand does not change in a negative way. She is ashamed of her natural self and decides to make a step further, to change and to embrace another self in which she will finally feel uncomfortable. In childhood she is her true self, without carrying about her future as woman and as a wife. She has internal conflicts which intensify her psychological complexity. She suffers from a self-divided personality, regarding what she truly desires and what she thinks she should become as a woman. This is a point where one could speak of her id, what she desires, her instinctive impulses and her super-ego, what she thinks she should become as a woman, her moral ideas, and the expectations of the patriarchal society. After returning from Thrushcross Grange she is different because, not only does she act differently but she struggle to refrain from her usual behaviour. Nelly actually realises what has happened to Cathy and even says that she adopt(ed) a double character without exactly intending to deceive anyone. Catherines conversation with Nelly is the final evidence that she has a divided self. She tells her that she loves Heathcliff, that she is Heathcliff, suggesting that her real self is the one which complements Heathcliff, which makes her like him, turning them into the figure of an androgynous. She is able to refrain from her true self until Heathcliffs returning. Now she suffers again from an identity crisis. She looks in the mirror and says that the image is not hers, it is in fact the reflection of the part she had to play in order to be a respected woman, to fit in the bed of Procrustes the society showed her. Once Heathcliff is back, she is unable to live in this way anymore and thi s destroys her. There is the interpretation which says that Heathcliff, being Catherines matching person, actually is her doppelganger, her dark hide, which she wants to hide, exactly like Dorian Gray. This is suggested several times when the main characters say that the other is part of their lives, oh themselves à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾I cannot live without my life! Cannot live without my soul!; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾I am Heathcliff. The ways in which the protagonists are firstly presented is a romantic one with characters relating to nature who rebel against the world they live in. The gothic atmosphere is intensified by supernatural elements and melodrama. But Bronte created two different places where Catherine leaves, suggesting her split personality. The first one, the Wuthering Heights identifies with her true self and it is presented with gothic constructions such as the description of the moors, the manor, the atmosphere, the, wind, the storm or the rain. On the other hand, Thrushcross Grange is depicted in a positive manner, in a realist way, with all the elements of the common life representing Catherines other self. There is a striking difference between these two as it is between Catherines sides. The realist depictions in Wuthering Heights are somehow related to the other part of the novel, starting with the first scene where the reader encounters Young Cathy. Her and Haretons story is depicted in a realistic way, especially because of the happy ending. In the second case, the realism of the novel is depicted from Wildes representation of the Victorian world. Dorian is after all, an aristocrat living in a rich world where dines and opera are something common. His first self, the one everyone knows, the one Basil has painted at the beginning of the novel is the one living in this world. He is a rich art connoisseur; he likes parties and luncheons and attends theatre and opera. The Victorian society presented in the novel is one where people live from undeserved inheritance and enjoy gossiping and judging the world around. Dorian lives a secret life within an apparently respectable society. While a beautiful forever-young man in his public life, Dorian is presented as a debauched, violent person. The atmosphere in the next chapter is completely different from the one in the previous. The life at the countryside seems idyllic but Dorian is uncomfortable here because he feels he is stalked by James Vane. James presence is like a ghost haunting Dorian throughout the novel, being the embodiment of Dorians conscience. In the other book, the main character is not haunted by feelings or remorse, but by Catherines ghost who has not find peace. This idea brings another gothic element to both stories. In both novels, the theme of the divided self dominates the entire atmosphere, but in The Picture of Dorian Gray is easier to observe. However, the three characters that experience this kind of mental or physical division are presented as tormented souls, unable to find their rest.

Global Warming is a Reality That Must be Taken Seriously Essay examples

Global Warming is a rising epidemic that is one of high controversy. The growing concern that Global Warming is going to thermally destroy the earth is causing concentrated precautions to take place. With worry mounting in the lives of the human race, it is intensifying the idea that things must be done to stop the depletion of the ozone layer. There are several problems around the earth that prove the occurrence of Global Warming. It is very real. The world could end at any given time in the next century, due to foreseen occurrences such as, rising in sea level, extreme climate changes, and the unexplainable spreading of tropical diseases. There has been a distinct rise in sea level over the past century. This is due to the melting of massive glaciers. These glaciers are melting due to ...

European History-The Later middle Ages Essay

Black Death was a plague that swept across Europe in the 14th century resulting in an irrevocable change to Europe’s religious structure which was highly dominated by the Roman Catholic Church. Besides, Black Death resulted in harassment of minority groups such as Jews on not only grounds of religious detestation but also a way of attacking the church or the kings who were perceived to protect them. This was heightened by feelings that the church as an institution had failed to provide social guidance equally among all people. The Pope condemned the killings and tried to stop it but to no avail resulting in renewed religious fanaticism and fervor amid Black Plague. This resulted is weakening of the old connection between the society and the religion (Tuchman 20-50). The fact that the clergy were not able to banish or cure the disease and explain its causes resulted in cynicism toward church. At the time of Black Death the Pope was based in France and was seen to have abandoned church leadership for French monarchy hence leaving its people at the time of need. This compounded disillusionment among people towards the church and embraced other religious outfits such as Order of Flagellants. Subsequently, as the disease caused death in monasteries, few years later there was a shortage of clergy. New clergy members replaced those who had died but did not have life-long convictions hence resulting in more abuses and weakening of church position in the society (Tuchman 50). 2. The Hundred Years’ War occurred in the years between 1336 and 1453 and it was mostly between France and England. England traded with Flanders in exchange of its fleece for wine in the Southern France. This was a triangular-like trade in which English traded with France indirectly through Flanders. However, the king of France was persistently struggling to regain control over the wealth in Flanders as a result the English could not let it go as it could have meant their only source of foreign exchange is gone. In these misunderstandings, a civil war broke out whereby the English supported the manufacturing companies whereas the French supported land-owning nobility. Besides, the English had a control over duchy of Guienne in France. In this regard, King Edward III became disappointed with King Phillip IV’s broken promise to restore a part of the Guienne to the English. Additionally, King Phillip went against English wish and supported Scotland which angered England. This war became more complex as the right over the territorial control –dynast conflict- was coupled with conflict over succession of throne. For instance, King Edward III who had risen to the throne in 1327 could have claimed to succeed Charles IV of France after he died in 1328 without any heir. Some years later, King Edward declared himself the King of France to provoke France so that he can attract resistance from them (Allmand 20-50). The war resulted in paradigm shift in terms of tactics, weapons, and technology employed in military war. For instance, the use of cavalry which by then was powerful machinery was abandoned for longbow. Other weapons introduced during the war include gunpowder and cannons. The war revealed the extent to which royal authority in England could be questioned especially in the succession lapse when King Edward III died. The Peasant’s revolt in 1381 witnessed an uprising against the throne by peasants leading to the King (Richard III) giving in to their demands. The war rekindled patriotism and nationalism among the French nationals. The country transformed from being a feudal monarchy to being a centralized state. Besides, the growth of French as a royal and commerce language disappeared during the war (Anne 5-20). 3. It is in the fourteenth century that majority of European countries experienced some of the worst natural disasters and social upheavals. The first disaster is the Little Ice Age, a climatic disaster. During this period, epidemics, famine and heavy rains became evident resulting in weakened agricultural productivity. The second natural disaster during the fourteenth century was The Black Death, a plague that nearly brought life to a standstill in Europe. Social upheavals include the hundred years’ war (1337-1450), internal church wrangles in the Catholic Church, and rise up of Islam militants. As a result of The Little Ice Age, France experienced heavy rains around 1315 that culminated into famine in the later years. All these disasters had a large impact on drastically reducing the overall population of Europe as many individuals died. It is also important to note that a lot of minorities for instance Jew were killed or extradited for Europe especially during Black Death. It is also during this time that the highly dominant Catholic Church received much criticism from the society. Additionally, the Church differed with the monarchy when taxes were imposed on its officials resulting into ‘Babylonian Exile’. In 1377 amid the crisis, Pope Gregory XI relocated to Rome for Avignon, France (Tuchman 25-70). 4. In the 14th century, Italy like many other European countries experienced a lot of hardships economically, socially, politically, and in religion. Besides, in the mid 14century, Italy undergone rebirth what is popularly referred to as ‘renaissance’. In the cities where the feudal system was not strong for instance in the northern frontier –Venice, Florence, and Milan- a strong economical and political atmosphere became dominant and their political structure ruled surrounding regions impacting significant influence over them. In the same period, south of Italy became highly dominated by Papal administration especially in Rome. The papal administration exerted a lot of rivalry to the Northern cities as well as influencing to a large extent the Italian politics and lifestyles. During the 14th century, the political elite advocated for the principle of humanism by arguing that a person can achieve considerably while in this world in terms of politics and life among others. Therefore, the medieval perceptions that people had changed drastically as they geared towards showcasing their talents (Jackson 310-320). 5. In the fourteenth century, the Roman Catholic had strong influence on the political and social life in most parts of Italy whereas Germany was under monarch rule. For instance, Germany was ruled mostly by the Habsburgs with power centering around three houses of dynasty: Habsburg, Wittelsbach, and Luxemburg. Therefore most parts of Germany were controlled by the emperor. It is also during the fourteenth century that Germany flourished although it was hit by the Black Plague. In Italy the papal administration and secular leadership was not totally in agreement in terms of managing economic resources and to develop central governments. Subsequently, around the year 1300, the well established Holy Roman Empire failed to maintain its centralized form of governance across Europe resulting into war between different states such as the barbaric German tribes that invaded Italy. This culminated into having a power vacuum until in 17th century. In Italy for instance, the independence of some of its states in the North coupled with wrangles between the in the Papacy prevented realization of a strong centralized governance (Tuchman 50). 6. It is in the 14th century that the Church experienced faced difficult times and gradually lost its prestige and power in the society. The Church failed to provide moral and spiritual guidance to the people and it can be explained in three distinct stages. First is the Avignon Papacy of 1305 to 1378. During the time pope was located in Avignon, France and officials were seen to monarch’s puppet. They were corrupt, disregarded social morals, were left out in condemning the hundred years’ war, and failed in their responsibility during the Black Plague. A lot of groups also criticized the Church for owning wealth and property as this was against God’s teaching because Jesus owned nothing. Some people also claimed that Church should consist of members only and not be led by a single individual. At this time papacy defended its righteousness persistently as well as attacking its critics but it is evident that papacy lost its moral authority and credibility to the people (Jackson 322). The second event that degraded credibility of papacy was the great schism of between 1378 and 1415. After Gregory XI died, the College of Cardinals in Rome was forced by an angry Roman mob to choose a pope of Italian origin. Urban VI was chosen and immediately after, French cardinals protested by fleeing Rome into Avignon where they chose another French pope as they claimed the election was not free and fair. This culminated into having two papal administrations at Rome and at Avignon hence resulting in financial crisis. Besides, the notion that Church was autonomous from state and secular sanctions failed to be realized. Wrangles existed between the two centers of power leading to excommunication claims by either of the side for receiving sacraments. Third is the Council of Pisa that met in 1408 and resolved to elect a new pope thereby dismissing the two rival popes. They based this on the principle of conciliarism. However, this was not adhered to by the two rival popes and resulted in having three popes. This complicated the matters more in regard to who had supreme power to elect pope leading to the Holy Roman Emperor backing the Conciliarists in holding another council to resolve the issue in 1415 (Jackson 323). . 7. The religious rift which occurred in the Church around 11th century A. D. is what widely referred to as the Great Schism. The Roman Catholic Church and the Geek Catholic also known Greek Orthodox Church separated during the p[period which lasted between 1378 and 1415. The acrimony between the West patriarchate in Rome and East patriarchates in Jerusalem, Antioch, Byzantium, and Alexandria was on of the cause. This was heightened more by language differences because the West spoke Latin whereas East spoke Greek. Besides, the rift grew more when Emperor Constantine considered transferring the capital from Rome to Byzantium. Additionally, during the same time German tribes invaded Europe leading to political instability (Jackson 323). This political turmoil coupled with geographical distances and economic hardship lead to ultimate separation of West from the East. As a result it is only a few theologians from West who could speak the predominant Greek language in the East. Communication broke lose among the west and east clergy. There was decreased literacy in the West as compared to highly educated East populace. Thus the church had significant influence among the East populace. The clergy in the East was capable of translating the Bible into local languages and with time it became mature enough to establish self governance. The occurrence of the Great Schism was also a sign of failure in leadership among the church officials in the 14th century (Jackson 324). Works Cited Allmand, C. T. The hundred year’s war: England and France at war, c. 1300-c. 1450. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Anne Curry. The Hundred Years War. 2nd ed. UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Tuchman, Barbara W. A Distant Mirror. New York: Knopf, 1978. Jackson, Spielvogel J. Western Civilization. 7th ed. Cengage Learn

Biography of Janet Emerson Bashen, American Inventor

Biography of Janet Emerson Bashen, American Inventor Janet Emerson Bashen (born February 12, 1957) is an American inventor and entrepreneur and the first African-American woman to hold a patent for a software invention. The patented software, LinkLine, is a web-based application for Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) claims intake and tracking, claims management, and document management. Bashen has been inducted into the Black Inventors Hall of Fame and is the recipient of numerous awards for her business and technological achievements. Fast Facts: Janet Emerson Bashen Known For: Emerson is the first African-American woman to secure a patent for a software invention.Also Known As: Janet EmersonBorn: February 12, 1957 in Mansfield, OhioEducation: Alabama AM University, University of Houston, Rice UniversityAwards and Honors: National Association of Negro Women in Business Crystal Award, Black Inventors Hall of Fame, Houston, Texas Chamber of Commerce Pinnacle AwardSpouse: Steven BashenChildren: Blair Alise Bashen, Drew Alec BashenNotable Quote: â€Å"My success and failures make me who I am and who I am is a black woman raised in the south by working-class parents who tried to give me a better life by fostering a fervent commitment to succeed.† Early Life Janet Emerson Bashen was born Janet Emerson on February 12, 1957, in Mansfield, Ohio. She was raised in Huntsville, Alabama, where her mother was the citys first black nurse. Bashen attended an elementary school that had only recently been integrated, and she faced discrimination throughout her childhood and youth. After attending Alabama AM University, a historically black college, Emerson married Steven Bashen and relocated to Houston, Texas. Years later after achieving her business success, Bashen said that growing up in the South sparked her interest in social inequality and diversity: â€Å"As a black girl growing up in the segregated South, I asked my parents many questions; they didnt have answers. This started a life-long quest of trying to understand our country’s history and struggle with issues of race. This research led me to gender issues and then my passion with EEO grew into a business interest that has evolved, incorporating diversity and inclusion initiatives.† Education Bashen earned a degree in legal studies and government from the University of Houston and completed postgraduate studies at Rice University’s Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Administration. She later earned a certificate from Harvard University for her participation in the â€Å"Women and Power: Leadership in a New World program. Bashen also has a masters degree from Tulane Law School, where she studied labor and employment law. Bashen Corporation Bashen is the founder, president, and CEO of Bashen Corporation, a leading human resources consulting firm that pioneered end-to-end Equal Employment Opportunities (EEO) compliance administration services. Bashen established the company in September 1994, building the business from her home office with no money, only one client, and a fervent commitment to succeed. As the business grew, Bashen began servicing more and more clients, and this demand led her to design her own case management software known as LinkLine. Bashen earned a patent for this tool in 2006, making her the first African-American woman to earn a patent for a software invention. For Bashen, the tool was a way to simplify claims tracking and document management by replacing the cumbersome paper process used by most businesses at the time: â€Å"I came up with the idea in 2001. Not everyone had a cell phone in 2001. I saw that papers in process got lost. There had to be a way to take in complaints- something Web-based and accessible away from the office...We worked months and months on the design. At the same time, I contacted a very large law firm and told the team I wanted to see if I could get a patent because no one was doing this. Bashen and her company have been recognized nationally for their business achievements. In May 2000, Bashen testified before Congress regarding the effect of the FTC opinion letter on third-party discrimination investigations. Bashen, along with Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee, D-Texas, were key figures in a debate that resulted in a change in legislation. In October 2002, Bashen Corporation was named one of America’s entrepreneurial growth leaders by Inc. Magazine in its annual ranking of the nation’s fastest-growing private companies, with an increase in sales of 552%. In October 2003, Bashen was given the Pinnacle Award by the Houston Citizens Chamber of Commerce. Bashen is also the recipient of the prestigious Crystal Award, presented by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women’s Clubs, Inc., for achievement in business. In 2010, she was recognized at the World Festival of Black Arts and Culture in Dakar, Senegal. Since creating LinkLine, Bashen has developed additional tools to bolster and support diversity in the workplace. One of these is AAP Advisory, a division of Bashen Corporation that offers guidance to clients on best practices for affirmative action in the workplace. The company has an advisory team in place to help businesses achieve diversity within their organizations. Bashens AAPLink is a software service designed to assist with such diversity efforts. Bashen also runs the hotline 1-800Intake, a tool to help small- and medium-sized businesses receive and manage workplace complaints. Together, this suite of tools enables businesses to ensure they are following the best practices for building diverse and inclusive environments. Public Service Bashen serves on the board of directors for the North Harris Montgomery County Community College District Foundation and chairs the corporate advisory board of the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women’s Clubs, Inc. She is also a board member of PrepProgram, a non-profit organization dedicated to preparing at-risk student-athletes for college. In 2014, she served on the women’s leadership board at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. Sources Ackerman, Lauren. â€Å"Janet Emerson Bashen (1957- ) BlackPast.†Ã‚  BlackPast.Holmes, Keith C.  Black Inventors: Crafting over 200 Years of Success. Global Black Inventor Research Projects, 2008.Montague, Charlotte.  Women of Invention: Life-Changing Ideas by Remarkable Women. Crestline Books, 2018.

Ten top writing tips for scientists - Emphasis

Ten top writing tips for scientists Ten top writing tips for scientists Ask most scientists, engineers and technologists why they got into the profession and theyre unlikely to say it was because they love writing. But love it or hate it, writing is an essential part of a scientific career. Report writing skills are crucial to communicating your research, ideas and recommendations. Losing the gems of months of research in confusing, convoluted prose helps neither you nor your readers. The way you write can be more important than what you write. An instantly readable report will usually have more impact than one that is difficult to decipher. Science doesnt exist in a vacuum. So if you cannot communicate effectively to colleagues and the general public, your work is likely to be perceived as less important. In fact, if you cant communicate what you do, you could argue that you might as well not do it in the first place. Here are some top tips and techniques that can transform your written work: 1. Ask the right questions Powerful writing starts from an ordered, clear structure. Begin ordering your ideas by asking yourself the questions: what? where? when? how? why? and who? When you know what you want to communicate, and why, you can then lay out your core idea first, and expand on it in the rest of the document. Always make sure you ask yourself the exact purpose of what you are writing. When you have a clear intent, you have a much better chance of crafting an effective document. 2. Use jargon with care Abbreviations are a great shortcut when you and your reader speak a common language. But dont forget that there may be acronyms and abbreviations that people outside your organisation or area of expertise just wouldnt know. This doesnt mean that you have to avoid jargon at all costs. Just be aware of your readers knowledge and choose the words and phrases that you are certain they will understand. Most people overestimate how much their readers know and bombard them with too many technical words and phrases. 3. Focus on your reader Do your readers really know everything about thermodynamics or mass transfer? Or are they more concerned with how the science affects their environment, a product or the companys bottom line? Ask yourself the following questions so that you can tailor your information to your reader. Who will read the document? How much experience do they have of the subject? How much do they know about it? What is their likely attitude towards it? How involved in the subject are they? How interested are they in the subject? 4. Dont show off In academia, the more knowledge, information and argument you display, the higher the marks. In the outside world, only the most significant information is necessary. Summarising a wealth of related issues may at first appear to cement your expert status, but it doesnt help your reader. Managers often have several reports to read each day, so focus on becoming a solution provider. 5. Create a compelling opening paragraph Research has shown that when it comes to focus, people remember the beginning and end of something, plus a high point in the middle. This is as true for reports as it is for holidays or feature films. So make sure that your conclusions and recommendations are in the summary. If you bury your recommendations in the middle, theres no guarantee that your readers will get that far. 6. Be confident Say what you really mean and your readers will thank you for it. It can be a little disconcerting to write clearly and in plain English, especially if you come from an organisation that doesnt encourage having a definitive viewpoint. But it will help you to become recognised as a thought leader and means that your work reaches a much wider audience. 7. Learn how to KISS Keep it short and simple. Avoid long, flowery phrases and make sure your sentences contain a maximum of 15 to 20 words. Presenting information in short, manageable chunks also helps you to keep the reader with you, so stick to the principle of one idea per sentence. To paraphrase Einstein: make things as simple as they are but no simpler. 8. Get active Where possible, use the active voice rather than the passive one. Instead of writing, the reactions of various metals were tested, write we tested the reactions of various metals. Adding in the word we makes the document more personal. Dont be afraid to use the word you when writing reports for non-scientists. The idea is to engage the reader and active, personal language does just that. 9. Check for errors Always proofread carefully by printing out your document and combing through it word for word. You cannot rely on your spellchecker to know the difference between palate and pallet, especially if you have it on the automated setting. Print it out first. And if possible, put your work aside for a day and come back to it with fresh eyes. Its likely that any errors will jump out at you more easily. Also check for punctuation and make sure that your structure is as effective as it can be. 10. Use a style guide Grab a free copy of our new The Write Stuff (third edition) to help you with the writing process. This 60-page style guide contains the very essence of good writing. Request a copy here. How Emphasis helped scientists to write more clearly One of Europes leading pharmaceutical companies asked Emphasis to improve its scientists report writing skills. The problem? Many of their written reports were failing to communicate the results of their research and development work in a clear and concise way. The training programme changed how the scientists approach, plan and structure their reports. Before the training programme, most people saw writing as an irritating distraction from their research and their reports had to be heavily edited. Now, there are fewer amendments, the medical director explains. This has reinforced the lessons learned during the training, creating a positive cycle that has, in turn, promoted better writing throughout the company.

Politics and Justice in the US Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Politics and Justice in the US - Research Paper Example The United States of America has long faced the challenge of electing leaders who in a free and democratic manner. The US has one of the highest numbers of elected people in office with over 500,000 people being elected into different electoral roles. As a result, a lot of elections are conducted almost every now and then in the United States. The process of electioneering and its effect relation to democracy is that it does not assist in opening up democratic space in the United States. This is because the American democratic system is dogged by challenges such as parochialism, incumbency and fragmentation of decisions. The sheer number of electoral positions in the United States means that its citizens are constantly involved in elections which are not healthy for democracy (Dye, 2011). Moreover, the elected officials in the United States stay long in office and thus this provides a challenge brought about by incumbency. Incumbency does little in reforming the ideas and policies pr actised in the United States of America (Herbst, 2011). Incumbency does not reflect the wishes and the changing dynamics of the US population. Incumbency helps in stifling democracy in many areas of the United States of America and this is witnessed by Senators or Governors who occupy their offices for long periods of time. Democracy requires the proper functioning of organs of the government and this requires good decision making. ... Democracy requires the proper functioning of organs of the government and this requires good decision making. The Senate is one of the important organs of government since it is involved in making laws. However, due to constant wrangling and taking of different positions by law makers. We have a situation whereby ideals and policies are sacrificed since every party or group in the house of Senate take different positions (Dye, 2011). This is because Incumbency might in some situations lead to lack of party identity and formation of caucuses that differ from their own party. The high rate of incumbency has dealt a great deal of damage to democracy since people find to difficult to identify with their representatives. As a result, these elected leaders will take advantage of this situation to serve self interests. The fragmentation of decisions is detrimental to the process of law making (Reynolds, 2007). Since Senate house committees run the house and the process of law making. These committees take on issues on a local basis which is outside their mandate. As a result, the Senate has been reduced to a body that serves the interests of few individuals. For example, some senators might have been influenced by certain lobby groups to pass or rejects some bills beneficial to certain individuals or companies (Sinha, 2007). However, this is not the greatest hurdle facing American democracy since the biggest problem facing Americans is representation. Leaders elected in America have participated in democratic election albeit with difficult challenges. These challenges have undermined democracy since they are fundamental in the creation of equal opportunities for everybody as democracy

Coke and Pepsi in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Coke and Pepsi in India - Essay Example As the paper highlights Indian customers had a little choice of products or brands and sometimes they were forced to purchase products regardless of quality and reliability. In addition, Indian government mandated that the companies Pepsi and Coca Cola must be promoted in India under the names ‘Lehar Pepsi’ and ‘Coca-Cola India’. Boycotts of American goods and water contamination issues were some other aspects of Indian political spectrum, which influenced operations of both Pepsi and Coca-Cola in the country. The company management could have anticipated some of the Indian market issues particularly corruption within the Indian governmental settings. By forecasting this, the Coca-Cola could have avoided its hardships in the past. However, it was not possible for the company to anticipate the ongoing water contamination issues. In other words, each company could have handled the unexpected developments in Indian political arena better, if its management had been flexible enough to adapt to the developments emerged. From this paper it is clear that Pepsi entered the Indian market early in 1986. During that time, the Pepsi had not to compete with other multinational companies once it was the initial stage of Indian soft drink market. Therefore, the early entry assisted the company to attain a significant foothold in the market while it was still working with its product positioning operations. In addition, the Pepsi acquired 26% market share by 1993 as a result of its early market entry. At the same time, the early entry forced the company to change its name to Lehar Pepsi and additionally Pepsi had to struggle with other local issues. The Indian government restricted Pepsi’s soft drink sales to less than 25% of total sales. Likewise, the late entry of Coca-Cola in Indian market in 1993 aided it buying four bottling plants from the industry leader Parle.

Improving Pharmacy Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Improving Pharmacy Services - Essay Example The second issue, sustainability is equally important in securing the quality of products and services in pharmacy. One way of achieving sustainability is through keeping indicators which can be used for predicting future trends of the industry. These may include new drugs or practices which outdo the existing methods. This would, for instance, ensure that patients get the best treatments when they become available. Again, sustainability can be achieved by being connected to the global pharmacy community through which innovations and emerging issues can be shared. In so doing, the pharmacy can be interconnected, informed, and universal (Lesko & Anderson 16). The advantage in this is that relevancy and effectiveness would be assured.The final means of improving pharmacy is by having well-structured organizational layouts. Layout covers all the areas from when a patient goes through a health center to the time they emerge, having received treatment. Pharmacies should ensure that their staff receives optimum working conditions, free from distraction, stress, or any negative influences. For instance, there should be training to sensitize staff on proper (good) health habits. Healthy and happy staff is likely to be best in disseminating services to the people than stressed, underpaid, or sickly staff. Concisely, the comfort of the workforce determines the quality of services and products.As the above findings state, there are many channels through which pharmacy can be improved.

Date Rape Essay Example for Free

Date Rape Essay Introduction Popular views on commital of rape are confined on the idea that a stranger, the supposed perpetrator settles on a secluded or dark area and forcibly attacking someone, before inflicting sexual contact. While this may appear to be true, it is now a basic reality that rapists aren’t just strangers. Even people we know: friends, acquaintances, relatives and co-workers are possible suspects. In fact, about half of the victims of rape know their perpetrators. Incidences of commital of the crime seemed to be alarmingly high as it comprised fifty to seventy-five percent of all accounted rape cases. But even these data do not speak of the actual figures. The University of Buffalo’s Student Affairs cited a conservative FBI statistics which provided that only three and a half percent of all forms of rape are reported. By examining and analyzing available results, this paper tries to answer questions surrounding date rape, which as follows: a) What is date rape?, b) How did it evolve?, c) What are its causes?, d) What are the risks factors?, and e) What are the necessary interventions? Anwering these questions would enable us to provide the necessary information regarding date rape. Definition and history of date rape Of the cases reported, majority of it appears that the perpetrator is a victims’s acquaintance. While it is assumed that most of this acquaintances, ranging from friends and acquaintances to dates, romantic partners, and spouses or domestic partners do not necessarily end up in violence, in certain instances and causes, rape happens. For this study, when forced sexual intercourcourse takes place between two acquaintances, it is called date rape or acquaintance rape (Homeier, et al., 2006). Date rape, on an initial public sense, is defined to be a subset of acquaintance rape where two people involved in a romantic relationship engage in nonconsensual sex. But in the case of acquaintance rape, relationship (romantic or professional) has no bearing of the situation; hence, it can be described as plain and pure sexual assault or unwanted sexual contact. The law refers sexual assault to include the commital of rape (oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse) or the force penetration of any foreign objects in the genitalia (dildo, vibrator, including finger) without consent from the victim. Meanwhile, one of the early advocacy movements on date rape in the US was pioneered way back in the 70’s in Delaware. The realization of an organization called Support Group for Victims of Sexual Offense (S.O.S.) founded by then Director of the Health Service Dr. Majorie McKusick was a driving force behind the idea to provide services to survivors of sexual assault. In 1988, SOS produced a brochure dedicated to date rape. At present, bearing a new name, the organization is continuing its efforts to raise awareness on date rape. III. Hypothesis But as to why many people fall on the verge of date rape and as to why individuals commit this crime, remains a broad subject open for discussion. Basing on facts and scientific studies though, leading experts and institutions underwent a series of researches about the topic, some of which have produced fair but contradicting results.   Given the extensive scope of this issue, this paper assumes that risk factors: perceived dating behaviors, external factors (drugs, alcohol), and attitudes of supposed victims and perpetrators constitute likelihood of dating violence and rape. Gravity of the crime Meanwhile, depending on the gravity of the case, non-penetration actions such as touching the private parts of the victim (e.g. buttocks, breasts, genitalia), naked or through clothing constitute an assault but not necessarily rape, albeit, these are detterent to the rape itself. Forcing another individual to touch another person’s private parts even against his/her will also constitute the same.   On the otherhand, the infliction of physical hostility, threats of aggression, or perform sexual contact with an unconscious, asleep, or intoxicated individual describe the force or advantage. Coercion, without the aid of force or hostility is also used such as grave threats, reaveling secrets, put the victim to shame, sack an employee or fail a student are forms of sexual harassment. The Crime scene Actions pertaining to date rapes are reported in strategic areas or venues, depending on the status and preferences of the supposed victim. As the name suggests, the crime usually pointed to locations related to the place of the date or meeting. The assault usually happens in secluded, dark, and private or even public and busy places (e.g. hotels, garden, beach, comfort rooms, cars or club houses). Some cases were reportedly committed in bushy, dark areas away from the human settlements. In the case of college students, date related violence was recorded within the university premises. This is proof to the fact that even the school is not even safe nowadays, more so, it has become a favorite venue for this crime. Commission of rape happens usually in a predictable and definite instance. This can be observed if the prospect is conscious of what is happening around him/her. But in most cases, the motives are already predisposed; hence, timing is of great consideration for the suspects to pursue with the aided or unaided sexual assault and for victims to escape the trap. Even in a promenade or a fair, where people are busy, perpetrators find a leeway to commit rape if not harassment. The targets While many people often think that rape only happens typically to women, this is not always the case. Even men also have experiences of sexual assault. Some even lead to rape, although it occurs frequently within heterosexual dating relationships. This scenario showed that date rape transcends gender, as in the case of people of every ethnicity, age, culture, religion, economic background, or sexual orientation. Just like the opposite sex sexual assault, the majority of same-sex cases occur between people who have close relationships. However, perpetrators as well as the survivors are not always gay or lesbian. Moreover, sexual assault can also be part of a bias crime against someone perceived to be gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered the perpetrator in this instance can be either the same or opposite sex as the survivor. Although girls and women are the most often victims of rape one in three women will be sexually assaulted in her life, men is also vulnerable to be raped. A study revealed that seven to ten percent of rape victims are male. Meanwhile, teenagers and young adults are four times more likely to be sexually assaulted than women in all other age groups. A USF-Counseling Center for Human Development report showed: that 52% of women students have experienced some form of sexual victimization, 1 in 8 college women have been raped; 1 in 12 college men admitted to sexually abusing women but did not consider themselves rapists; of the women raped, almost 75% didnt identify it as such; 47% of rapes were by first or casual dates or by romantic acquaintances; and over 1/3 of the women didnt discuss the rape with anyone, and over 90% didnt report it to the police. Moreover, in a 1998 Minnesota Student Survey, approximately 9% of girls and 6% of boys had experienced date violence or rape. On the other hand, lifetime prevalence of date or acquaintance rape ranges from thirteen percent to twenty seven percent among college-age women and 20% to a high of 68% among adolescents. VII. Causes and Tendencies As to the cause of becoming a victim and becoming a rapist, an array of results from researches in the last decade revealed that behavior, perception, and external factors confronts both the victim and the perpetrator. On a study conducted on perceived causes of date rape, 142 undergraduates were presented with grids containing 9 causes listed by column and row. They were asked to indicate if they believed there was a causal link between each of the 72 causal pairings. The result placed emphasis on drunkenness, norms of dating, and societys attitude to date rape. Misunderstanding of men’s behavior, male attitude on the unimportance of date rape, and need by males for dominance were seen as prime causes (Bostwick DeLucia, 1992). Demographic characteristics that increase vulnerability to date rape include younger age at first date, early sexual activity, earlier age of menarche, history of sexual abuse or prior sexual victimization, and being more acceptable of rape myths and violence towards women.   Ackard Neumark-Sztainer (2002) on the other hand associated date rape with the higher rates of eating disorder behaviors and suicidal tendencies, and lower scores on emotional well-being and self-esteem scales.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teenage girls intentionally hurt by a date in the previous date are more likely to experience sexual health risks, including vulnerability to human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections, or getting pregnant. Dating violence should also be included in reproductive health programs, and greater efforts to identify women experiencing violence while on date are needed among those providing care related to adolescent reproductive health (Silverman, 2004). Other risk factors include date-specific behaviors such as who paid the expenses, who drove, date, location and activity, as well as the use of alcohol or take drugs such as flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) (Rickert Wiemann, 1998). A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions is similar to those of diazepam that can cause anterograde amnesia. Some reports showed that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may cause violent behavior. The US government has already banned the importation of this drug which was introduced in 1984. Alcohol consumption that occurs within the context of the date can lead to: the misinterpretation of friendly gestures or cues as sexual invitations and the females inability to ward off a potential attack. Kanin (1985) proposed that perpetrators’ deviant sexual behavior has often been portrayed as the result of frustrated but legitimate sexual exhaustion. This study of the perpetrators reveals that as a product of a hypersexual socialization process, these men are sexually active, aspiring, and successful. Due to an exaggerated desire levels viewed as responsible for instituting a high degree of sexual disappointment, this acute relative deficit is a significant process reponsible for the rape episodes. VIII. Interventions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dating violence happens among teemagers which bears common and unique risk factors for dating violence found across adolescents grouped by sex, race/ethnicity, and prior victimization. Rickert, et. al., (2002) described that efforts to lessen dating violence should (1) increase the use of screening tools that measure victimization as well as contextual parameters that will promote promote dating violence; (2) increase self-efficacy to promote safer sex; (3) reduce the use/abuse of alcohol and other drugs that facilitate dating violence; and (4) eliminate the influence of negative peer behavior. Interventions to prevent dating violence will likely also lower unwanted pregnancy rates, HIV-AIDS, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s)among young people.. Old town beliefs of a woman being unable to rape another woman and a man with another man these make survivors hard to find someone to talk to, avail services, or even believe themselves that they were raped. Survivors of assault by a same-sex partner or date may face various fears such as homophobia and heterosexist attitudes when disclosing the sexual ordeal or receive medical or psychologicalinterventions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Van Wie’s 1995 study on resistance to rape showed that participants in the category with perceived resistance conditions took a longer time to identify when the subject should abstain from pursuing sexual contact, thereby exposing them more to be raped.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Results of this study could be used to promote level of awareness on date rape, educate people about the risks and responses with date rape, and to strengthen rules regarding proper sexual behavior. Conclusion   Research designs and materials are needed to advance our our knowledge and understanding of sexual violence among teenagers and the most effective ways to eliminate it. Understanding and comparing research findings would be easier if consensus regarding the definitions of date rape, sexual aggression, and sexual assault was obtained. Finally, prevention programs on primary and secondary date and acquaintance rape must be enhanced and be subjected to systematic evaluation (Rickert Wiemann, 1998) Almost sixty percent of victims who experienced rape and attempted rape disclosed this information to one or more individuals, whereas only 47% of those who experienced verbally coerced sex told another person. Rickert, et. al., (2005) observed that alcohol addiction and a shorter dating history are important variables related with disclosure of rape/attempted rape as well as the time for disclosure. Meanwhile, factors affecting the disclosure of verbally coerced sex and the latency associated with it are less well defined A present survey based on 70% returns of a random sample of 200 women at one college indicated that, although 5% had been date raped, none reported the rapes to authorities due to feelings of self-blame and embarrassment. Rape scenarios that were not reported could perpetuate a self-fulfilling prophecy that rapes do not occur. A victim of rape may feel she is the only one against the world and is reluctant to exclude one’s self who will report. However, this denial by both victims and authorities does not encourage programs for prevention and treatment (Finkelson Oswalt, 1995). Increasing identification of the incidence of date/acquaintance rape (DAR) in the US, especially among women in college, has led to an understanding that the techniques needed to ward off attacks from acquaintances differ from the techniques used to prevent rape by strangers. This study proved and validated the following DAR constructs: perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, relational priority which is neglecting self-interest to save a relationship, rape myth acceptance (believing myths about rape which makes women avoid facing their own vulnerability), and commitment to self-defense. These constructs were also correlated with scales for masculinity, self-esteem, and degree of belief in a just world. Finally, date and acquaintance rape is not only a womans issue. Men must also be actively aware of this issue, as they can help minimize rape by educating themselves and others. â€Å"Healthy relationships involve respect including respect for the feelings of others. Someone who really cares about you will respect your wishes and not force or pressure you to have sex.†          References:    Finkelson, L., Oswalt, R. (1995). College date rape: incidence and reporting. Psychol Rep, 77(2), 526. Kanin, E. J. (1985). Date rapists: differential sexual socialization and relative deprivation. Arch Sex Behav, 14(3), 219-231. Rickert, V. I., Wiemann, C. M., Vaughan, R. D. (2005). Disclosure of date/acquaintance rape: who reports and when. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 18(1), 17-24. Silverman, J. G., Raj, A., Clements, K. (2004). Dating violence and associated sexual risk and pregnancy among adolescent girls in the United States. Pediatrics, 114(2), e220-225. Walsh, J. F., Devellis, B. M., Devellis, R. F. (1997). Date and acquaintance rape. Development and validation of a set of scales. Violence Against Women, 3(1), 46-58.